Doup-heddle for weaving gauze



E. MAERTENS. Doup Heddle for Weaving Gauze.

No. 233,267. Pa'tented Oct. 12,188PL3 UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCEO EMILE MAERTENS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DOUP-HEDDLE FOR WEAVING GAUZE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 233,267, dated October 12, 1880.

Application led October 6, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE MAER'rENs, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Doup-Heddles for Weaving Gauze, of which the following is a specification.

The objects of my invention are to reduce the friction between the half-heddle and the full heddle, to facilitate changes in the grouping of the warp-threads demanded by different patterns of fabrics, and to provide for the adjustment of the half-heddle, wherebyanew wearing portion of the same may be brought into use when one wearing portion becomes weakened by the friction to which it is subjected.

These objects I attain in the manner which I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures 1 and 2 are perspective diagrams, illustrating the operation of gauze-weaving; Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, views of doup-heddles as usually constructed; Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, views of dou-p-heddics constructed according to my invention; and Fig. l1, an enlarged view of part of one of the halfheddlcs, showing one of the features of my invention.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, I will, in the outset, give a brief description of the mode of Weaving gauze, reference being had to the diagrams, Figs. l and 2, which represent one pair of warps and devices for operating the same.

The warps a and b are carried by heddles A and B, of the usual construction, D being the doup-hedd-le, which consists of a full heddle, E, and a ha1f-heddle, F, the loop of the latter passing through an eye at the center of the heddlev E, and embracing the warp b. The heddlefLA and its warp a remain quiescent, but the heddle B and the full heddle E are elevated alternately, and the half-heddle F is acted upon by weights. or springs, which tend to depress it. The effect of this is that when the heddle B is depressed and the heddle E elevated the warp b will be drawn under the warp a and close up to the eye 0f the heddle E, which is elevated above the warp a so as to form the shed, as shown in Fig. l. When the heddle E is depressed and the heddle B elevated the warp b will be drawn back under the warp c and elevated on the opposite side of the said warp a to form the shed, the upper portion of the half-heddle F being drawn laterally through the eye of the full heddle E in order to permit such elevation, as shown in Fig.2. A weft-thread being thrown in on each formation of the shed, the result will be the twisting of the warps between the wefts in the manner illustrated.

Ordinarily the full heddle E is composed of two cords, d and e, the former attached to the upper transverse bar, d', and the latter to the lower transverse bar, c', of the harness-frame, each pair of cords being looped together in the center, and being constructed, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, so as to provide an eye or eyes for the lateral passage of the looped upper portion of the halfheddle F, the latter consisting of a cord ,f, secured to the bar f It should be understood that the full harness consists of a number of heddles, E, secured side by side to the bars d' and e of the harness-frame, and the half-harness consists of a number of heddles, F, secured side by side to the bar f; but for convenience I have not shown the complete harness, but only one full heddle, E, and one half-heddle, F.

The bars d and c of the full-harness frame are necessarily subjected to considerable tension, so that each full heddle binds tightly upon the half-heddle, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, and bythe friction thus created not only interferes with the ready operation of the parts, but causes such rapid wear of both the full heddle and half-heddle that frequent renewals are necessary.

Another objection to this form of heddle is the difficulty of rearranging the full heddles when new groupings of the warp-threads are demanded for the production of a new pattern, this difficulty arising from the fact that the cords d and e are secured to the top and bottom bars, d and c', of the harness-frame, so as to be incapable of lateral movement thereon, so that when it becomes necessary to alter the grouping of the warp-threads the cords must be detached from the bars d and e', and reapplied to the same in their new positions.

The wearing of the half-heddle F by friction against the eye of the full heddle E has been in some measure overcome by the use of metallic maillons or eyes in connection with the cords d and e; but this construction did not obviate the diticulty of altering the grouping of the warps for the production of new patterns.

I overcome both objections by discarding the cords d and e and making each full heddle, E, of wiretwisted orattened and punched so as to form two eyes for the passage of the half-heddle, said wire being also furnished at the ends with eyes adapted to bars which are the equivalents of the usual bars, d and e', ot' the harness-frame, the eyes being such, however, that the wire can be readily shifted lat. erally on the bars. The eyes at the ends of the wire are parallel with the eyes for the passage of the half-heddle in order to permit the free lateral movement ot' the latter.

In Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, I have shown various forms of twisted and attened and punched wires, which may be used in making the heddles E according to my invention. l prefer, however, to employ the twisted wires. In all cases each heddle E should be provided with two eyes for the passage of the half-heddle, as by this means I prevent the detachment of the half-heddle from the full heddle in the event ofthe breaking of the warp-thread with which said half-heddle is combined.

In donp-heddles constructed according to my invention not only is the friction on the half-heddle reduced to a minimum, but the full lieddles can be readily shifted on the bars to which they are hung when it becomes necessary to eli'ect new groupings of the warpthreads for the formation ot a new pattern.

Instead of securing the lower end of the cord frigdly to the bar f', as usual, I pass the ends of said cord in opposite directions through an openingin the bar, and tlicn down around the bottom of the same, at which point the opposite ends of the cord are tied together, as shown in Fig. 1l, so that when that portion of said cord which traverses the eye of the heddle E becomes worn the cord can, by simply pulling upon one side of the same, be moved in respect to the bar f so as to bring a fresh portion into use, thereby preventing the wearing away of any portion of the cord to the point of fracture. The passing ot' the ends of the cord through the opening in the bar f before knotting said ends beneath the bar insures such a hold of the bar on the cord that the accidental slipping of the latter is prevented.

I do not desire to claim the combination of a half-heddle with a full heddle having metallic eyes for the passage of the half-heddle; but

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination of the full heddle E with the half-heddle F, the cordfof which is combined with a bar,f, havingopeniugs, through which and around the bar the cord is passed, as described, whereby the cord may be readily adjusted to bring a new wearing portion into use, as set forth.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a heddie-wire having four eyes formed thereon, as described, one eye being arranged at each end of the wire, and two eyes between, but parallel, or there-about, with those at the ends, whereby the wire is adapted for use in connection with a doupheddle, all substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed myname to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EMILE MAERTENS.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER PATTERSON, HARRY SMITH. 

